Uchoraji wa gari ni nini na unene wake ni juu ya mifano tofauti
yaliyomo
Mwili wa gari ni sehemu muhimu zaidi na ya gharama kubwa ya gari. Sehemu zake zimetengenezwa kwa karatasi ya chuma kwa kukanyaga, na kisha svetsade kuwa nzima. Ili kulinda chuma kutokana na kutu, uchoraji wa gari hutumiwa kwenye mmea, ambayo inamaanisha uchoraji. Sio tu inalinda, lakini pia inatoa muonekano mzuri na wa kupendeza. Maisha ya huduma ya mwili na gari kwa ujumla itategemea sana ubora wa mipako, unene wake na utunzaji unaofuata.
Teknolojia ya uchoraji gari kwenye kiwanda
Kwenye mmea, mchakato wa uchoraji hufanyika katika hatua kadhaa kwa kufuata viwango vyote. Mtengenezaji kwa uhuru huweka unene wa uchoraji, lakini ndani ya mfumo wa mahitaji na viwango.
- Kwanza, chuma cha karatasi ni mabati pande zote mbili. Hii inalinda kutokana na kutu ikiwa kuna uwezekano wa uharibifu wa uchoraji. Kwa msaada wa umeme tuli, molekuli za zinki hufunika chuma, na kutengeneza safu hata na unene wa microns 5-10.
- Kisha uso wa mwili umesafishwa kabisa na kupungua. Ili kufanya hivyo, mwili hutiwa ndani ya umwagaji na wakala wa kusafisha, kisha suluhisho la kupungua hunyunyizwa. Baada ya suuza na kukausha, mwili uko tayari kwa hatua inayofuata.
- Ifuatayo, mwili umepigwa phosphated au primed. Chumvi anuwai za fosforasi huunda safu ya fuwele ya chuma ya phosphate. Primer maalum pia hutumiwa kwa matao ya chini na magurudumu, ambayo huunda safu ya kinga dhidi ya makofi ya jiwe.
- Katika hatua ya mwisho, safu ya rangi yenyewe inatumika. Safu ya kwanza ni rangi, na ya pili ni varnish, ambayo inatoa gloss na nguvu. Katika kesi hii, njia ya umeme hutumiwa, ambayo inafanya uwezekano wa kutumia mipako hata.
Karibu haiwezekani kurudia teknolojia kama hiyo nje ya hali ya kiwanda, kwa hivyo, uchoraji wa ufundi (hata wa hali ya juu) au polishing ya abrasive hakika itabadilisha unene wa uchoraji, ingawa kwa nje hii inaweza kutambuliwa. Hii ni kweli haswa kwa wale wanaotafuta kununua gari iliyotumiwa.
Hatua za kuchora mwili kwenye semina
Uchoraji kamili wa mwili katika semina ni wa muda na wa gharama kubwa. Inahitajika wakati kazi ya rangi imeharibiwa sana au wakati rangi inabadilika. Mara nyingi, uchoraji wa ndani wa vitu vyovyote vilivyoharibika hufanywa.
- Katika hatua ya kwanza, uso umeandaliwa. Sehemu zote zisizohitajika huondolewa kutoka kwa mwili (vipini, vitambaa, paneli za mapambo, nk). Sehemu zilizoharibiwa hutolewa nje, uso husafishwa na kupungua.
- Hatua inayofuata inaitwa maandalizi. Athari za kutu huondolewa kwenye uso, matibabu na fosfati ya zinki au mchanga wa kupita. Uso huo umechangiwa mchanga, primer na putty hutumiwa kwa maeneo yaliyoharibiwa. Ni hatua ya maandalizi ambayo inachukua muda na bidii zaidi.
- Katika hatua ya mwisho, rangi na varnish hutumiwa kwa kutumia bunduki ya dawa. Bwana anatumia rangi hiyo kwa tabaka kadhaa, akiacha ikauke. Kisha uso ni varnished na polished. Varnish inalinda rangi kutoka kwa unyevu, mionzi ya ultraviolet na mikwaruzo midogo.
Uharibifu na uharibifu unaowezekana
Baada ya uchoraji, kasoro anuwai zinaweza kubaki juu ya uso. Imegawanywa katika aina zifuatazo:
- shagreen - unyogovu ambao unafanana na ngozi iliyovaa haswa;
- matone - kutuliza unene ulioundwa kama matokeo ya kuchora rangi;
- kasoro - folda za mara kwa mara;
- hatari - mikwaruzo kutoka kwa abrasive;
- inclusions - chembe za kigeni kwenye rangi;
- vivuli tofauti - vivuli tofauti vya rangi;
- pores ni matone ya kuchomwa.
Karibu haiwezekani kuweka uchoraji wa gari katika hali nzuri kwa muda mrefu. Sababu anuwai zinaweza kuathiri uadilifu wake. Ni ngumu kupata gari zaidi ya miaka miwili bila uharibifu wa uchoraji.
Sababu zifuatazo zinaweza kuathiri safu ya rangi:
- athari za mazingira (mvua, mvua ya mawe, jua, mabadiliko ya ghafla ya joto, ndege, nk);
- kemikali (vitendanishi barabarani, vimiminika babuzi);
- uharibifu wa mitambo (mikwaruzo, makofi ya jiwe, chips, matokeo ya ajali).
Dereva lazima afuate sheria za kutunza kazi ya uchoraji. Hata kufuta kwa kitambaa kavu na ngumu huacha mikwaruzo midogo mwilini. Usafi mkali na wa mara kwa mara pia haugunduliwi.
Jinsi ya kutathmini ubora
Ili kupima ubora wa kazi ya kuchora rangi, dhana kama kujitoa hutumiwa. Njia ya kuamua kushikamana haitumiwi tu kwa miili, bali pia kwa nyuso zingine zozote ambazo safu ya uchoraji hutumiwa.
Adhesion inaeleweka kama upinzani wa kazi ya uchoraji kwa ngozi, kupiga na kugawanyika.
Njia ya kuamua kujitoa ni kama ifuatavyo. Kwa msaada wa wembe, kupunguzwa 6 kwa pembe na usawa kunatumiwa juu ya uso, ambayo hutengeneza mesh. Nafasi kati ya notches itategemea unene:
- hadi microns 60 - muda 1 mm;
- kutoka microns 61 hadi 120 - muda wa 2 mm;
- kutoka 121 hadi 250 - muda 3 mm.
Uchoraji hukatwa kwa chuma. Baada ya kutumia mesh, mkanda wa wambiso umewekwa juu. Halafu, baada ya kusimama kwa sekunde 30, mkanda wa wambiso hutoka bila kutikisa. Matokeo ya mtihani hulinganishwa kulingana na jedwali. Yote inategemea kiwango cha mraba wa mraba. Adhesion imepimwa kwa alama tano. Katika kushikamana kwa sifuri, mipako inapaswa kubaki hata, bila kuangaza au ukali. Hii inamaanisha kuwa uchoraji ni wa hali ya juu.
Kuna pia zana maalum ya kufanya mtihani - mita ya kujitoa. Unaweza kuweka muda maalum na kuteka gridi kwa urahisi.
Mbali na vigezo hivi, tofauti pia hufanywa kati ya:
- kiwango cha gloss ya uchoraji;
- kiwango cha ugumu na ugumu;
- unene.
Unene wa mipako ya rangi
Ili kupima unene wa uchoraji, kifaa cha kupima unene hutumiwa. Maswali yanaibuka: kwa nini unahitaji kujua unene wa uchoraji na inapaswa kuwa nini kwa gari kutoka kiwandani?
Wakati wa kununua gari lililotumiwa, kupima unene wa kazi ya kuchora kunaweza kuamua maeneo yaliyopakwa rangi tena, na hivyo kugundua denti za zamani na kasoro ambazo muuzaji anaweza kufahamu.
Unene wa rangi hupimwa kwa microns. Unene wa kiwanda wa karibu magari yote ya kisasa upo katika kiwango cha microns 80-170. Mifano tofauti zina vigezo tofauti, ambavyo tutatoa katika jedwali hapa chini.
Nini cha kuzingatia wakati wa kupima
Wakati wa kupima unene wa uchoraji, ni muhimu kuzingatia vidokezo kadhaa:
- Vipimo vinapaswa kuchukuliwa kwenye uso safi bila uchafu.
- Takwimu kwenye jedwali wakati mwingine zinaweza kutofautiana kidogo na vipimo halisi. Kwa mfano, na kiwango cha 100-120 µm, thamani inaonyesha 130 inm katika eneo fulani. Hii haimaanishi kwamba sehemu hiyo imepakwa rangi tena. Kosa hili linaruhusiwa.
- Ikiwa thamani ni ya juu kuliko microns 190, basi sehemu hii imechukuliwa kwa usahihi. Ni 1% tu ya gari za malipo zilizo na kazi ya kuchora zaidi ya microns 200. Ikiwa thamani ni microns 300, basi hii inaonyesha uwepo wa putty.
- Vipimo vinapaswa kuanza kutoka paa, kwani eneo hili haliko hatarini na rangi hiyo itatengenezwa kiwandani hapo. Chukua thamani inayosababisha kama ya asili na ulinganishe na zingine.
- Ikumbukwe kwamba hata kwenye gari mpya, unene katika maeneo unaweza kuwa tofauti. Hii ni kawaida. Kwa mfano, hood ni microns 140, na mlango ni microns 100-120.
- Unene wa vitu vya ndani kawaida hauzidi microns 40-80, kwani nyuso hizi hazihitaji ulinzi wa ziada kutoka kwa mawe au vitu vikali.
- Angalia kwa uangalifu sehemu hizo za mwili ambazo zinahusika zaidi na athari (bumper, fenders, milango, n.k.).
- Polishing hubadilisha unene kidogo, lakini vinyl na filamu zingine za kinga zinaweza kuongeza unene kwa microns 100-200.
Meza za unene wa rangi kwenye gari tofauti
Ifuatayo, tunawasilisha meza za modeli za gari, miaka ya utengenezaji na unene wa rangi.
Mark | mfano | Miaka ya utengenezaji / mwili | Unene wa rangi, microns |
ACURA | TLX | 2008 | 105-135 |
MDX | III 2013 | 125-140 | |
RDX | III 2013 | 125-140 | |
Alfa Romeo | Goliathi | 2010 | 170-225 |
Hadithi | 2008 | 120-140 | |
AUDI | A1 | 2010 - Novemba (I) | 125-170 |
AZ | 2012 - nv (8V) | 120-140 | |
AZ | 2003-2013 (8P) | 80-100 | |
S3 | 2012 - nv | 120-150 | |
S3 Inabadilishwa | 2012 - nv | 110-135 | |
A4 | 2015 - nv (B9) | 125-145 | |
A4 | 2007-2015 (B8) | 120-140 | |
A4 | 2004-2007 (B7) | 100-140 | |
A4 | 2001-2005 (B6) | 120-140 | |
S4 | 2012 - nv | 125-145 | |
RS4 | 2012 - nv | 120-140 | |
A5 | 2007 - nv | 100-120 | |
S5 | 2011 - nv | 130-145 | |
RS5 Inabadilika | 2014 - nv | 110-130 | |
A6 | 2011 - nv (Q) | 120-140 | |
A6 | 2004-2010 (C6) | 120-140 | |
RS6 | 2012 - nv | 110-145 | |
A7 | 2010 - nv | 100-135 | |
RS7 | 2014 - nv | 100-140 | |
A8 | 2010 - nv (04) | 100-120 | |
A8 | 2003-2010 (D3) | 100-120 | |
A8L | 2013 - nv | 105-130 | |
S8 | 2013 - nv | 110-130 | |
Q3 | 2011 - nv | 115-140 | |
RS Q3 | 2013 - nv | 110-140 | |
Q5 | 2008 - nv | 125-155 | |
SQ5 | 2014 - nv | 125-150 | |
Q7 | 2015 - nv | 120-160 | |
Q7 | 2006-2015 | 100-140 | |
TT | 2014 - nv | 100-115 | |
TT | 2006-2014 | 105-130 | |
Njia ya A4 | 2009 - nv. | 120-150 | |
BMW | 1 kuwa | 2011 - nv (F20) | 120-140 |
1 kuwa | 2004-2011 (E81) | 100-140 | |
2 kuwa | 2014 - nv | 105-140 | |
3 kuwa | 2012 - nv (F30) | 120-130 | |
3 kuwa | 2005-2012 (F92) | 110-140 | |
3 kuwa | 1998-2005 (E46) | 120-140 | |
4 kuwa | 2014 - nv | 115-135 | |
4 kuwa cabrio | 2014 - nv | 125-145 | |
5 kuwa | 2010 - nv (F10) | 90-140 | |
5 kuwa | 2003-2010 (E60) | 130-165 | |
5 kuwa | 1995-2004 (E39) | 140-160 | |
6 kuwa | 2011 - nv (F06) | 120-145 | |
6 kuwa | 2003-2011 (E63) | 120-145 | |
7 kuwa | 2008-2015 (F01) | 100-130 | |
7 kuwa | 2001-2008 (E65) | 120-160 | |
6T | 2014 - nv | 160-185 | |
Ml | 2011 - nv (F20-F21) | 110-135 | |
M2 | 2015 - nv | 105-140 | |
M3 | 2011 - nv | 105-135 | |
M4 | 2014 - nv | 100-130 | |
MS | 2010 - nv | 90-140 | |
M6 | 2011 - nv | 100-130 | |
X-1 | 2009-2015 (E84) | 115-130 | |
X-3 | 2010 - nv (F25) | 120-130 | |
X-3 | 2003-2010 (E83) | 90-100 | |
X-3M | 2015 - nv | 100-120 | |
X-4 | 2014 - nv | 120-130 | |
X-5 | 2013 - nv (F15) | 100-125 | |
X-5 | 2006-2013 (E70) | 140-160 | |
X-5 | 1999-2006 (E53) | 110-130 | |
X-6 | 2014 - nv (F16) | 120-165 | |
X-6 | 2008-2014 (E71) | 110-160 | |
X-5M | 2013 - nv (F85) | 115-120 | |
X-5M | 2006-2013 (E70) | 140-160 | |
X-6M | 2014 - nv (F86) | 120-165 | |
X-6M | 2008-2014 (E71) | 110-160 | |
Z-4 | 2009 - mpya (E89) | 90-130 |
Mark | mfano | Miaka ya utengenezaji / mwili | Unene wa rangi, microns |
KITABU | H230 | 2014 - nv | 185-220 |
H230 Hatchback | 2015 - nv | 165-195 | |
H530 | 2011 - nv | 80-125 | |
V5 | 2014 - nv | 170-190 | |
BYD | F3 | 2006-2014 | 90-100 |
CADILLAC | ATS | 2012 - nv | 115-160 |
BL5 | 2005-2010 | 110-150 | |
as | 2014 - nv | 105-160 | |
as | 2007-2014 | 115-155 | |
as | 2003-2007 | 120-150 | |
Kupanda | 2015 - nv | 140-150 | |
Kupanda | 2006-2015 | 135-150 | |
Kupanda | 2002-2006 | 120-170 | |
SRX | 2010 - nv | 125-160 | |
SRX | 2004-2010 | 110-150 | |
MABADILIKO | Edo | 2013 - nv | 130-160 |
CS 35 | 2013 - nv | 160-190 | |
Reaton | 2013 - nv | 120-140 | |
CHANYA | Bonus | 2011 - Novemba (A13) | 100-125 |
Sana | 2011 - Novemba (A13) | 100-125 | |
INDIS | 2011 - nv (S180) | 120-140 | |
Sedan Miles | 2010 - Novemba (A3) | 90-120 | |
shimo | 2010 - Novemba (A3) | 90-120 | |
Bonasi 3 | 2014 - Novemba (A19) | 110-130 | |
arizzo | 2014 - nv | 105-140 | |
Amulet | 2003-2013 (A15) | 110-120 | |
Tigo | 2006-2014 (T11) | 120-140 | |
Wewe 5 | 2014 - nv | 110-130 | |
CHEVROLET | Camaro | 2013 - nv | 190-220 |
Njia blazer | 2013 - nv | 115-140 | |
Mtiririko | 2008 - nv | 155-205 | |
Silverado | 2013 - nv | 120-140 | |
Tahoe | 2014 - nv | 120-145 | |
Tahoe | 2006-2014 | 160-180 | |
Tracker | 2015 - nv | 115-150 | |
Loweka | 2010-2015 | 115-130 | |
Epic | 2006-2012 | 90-100 | |
Laces | 2004-2013 | 110-140 | |
lanos | 2005-2009 | 105-135 | |
ndege | 2012 - nv | 150-170 | |
ndege | 2006-2012 | 80-100 | |
cruze | 2009-2015 | 135-165 | |
Cobalt | 2013 - nv | 115-200 | |
Kaptiva | 2005-2015 | 115-140 | |
Kiwango | 2002 - nv | 100-140 | |
Orlando | 2011-2015 | 115-140 | |
Rezzo | 2004-2010 | 80-130 | |
CHRYSLER | 300C | 2010 - nv | 120-150 |
300C | 2004-2010 | 160-170 | |
Msafiri mkubwa | 2007 - nv | 155-215 | |
PT - cruiser | 2000-2010 | 120-160 | |
MZIKI | Picha ya C4 | 2014 - nv | 120-140 |
Picha ya C4 | 2007-2014 | 110-130 | |
Kuruka | 2007 - nv | 110-135 | |
Jumper | 2007 - nv | 105-120 | |
Berlingo | 2008-2015 | 120-150 | |
Berlingo | 2002-2012 | 110-140 | |
Picha ya C3 | 2009 - nv | 85-100 | |
Xsara picasso | 2000-2010 | 75-120 | |
C4 hewa | 2012 - nv | 105-125 | |
C-elisee | 2013 - nv | 105-145 | |
C - Msalaba | 2007-2013 | 55-90 | |
C4 sedan | 2011 - nv | 105-125 | |
DS3 | 2010-2015 | 90-150 | |
DS4 | 2012-2015 | 115-145 | |
C1 | 2005-2015 | 110-130 | |
C2 | 2003-2008 | 120-140 | |
C3 | 2010 - nv | 90-120 | |
C3 | 2002-2009 | 90-120 | |
C4 | 2011 - nv | 125-150 | |
C4 | 2004-2011 | 75-125 | |
C5 | 2007 - nv | 110-130 | |
C5 | 2001-2008 | 110-140 |
Mark | mfano | Miaka ya utengenezaji / mwili | Unene wa rangi, microns |
DAEWOO | Nexia | 2008-2015 | 105-130 |
Hue | 2000-2015 | 100-110 | |
Gentra | 2013 - nv | 115-140 | |
lanos | 1997-2009 | 105-135 | |
DATSUN | juu ya Je | 2014 - nv | 105-125 |
mi Fanya | 2015 - nv | 105-125 | |
DODGE | Caliber | 2006-2012 | 120-160 |
Msafara | 2007 - nv | 150-180 | |
FIAT | Nyeupe | 2004-2012 | 115-130 |
Point | 2005-2015 | 110-120 | |
mara mbili | 2005-2014 | 105-135 | |
Duchy | 2007 - nv | 85-100 | |
500 | 2007 - nv | 210-260 | |
Fremont | 2013 - nv | 125-145 | |
ngao | 2007 - nv | 90-120 | |
FORD | Mtazamo 3 | 2011 - nv | 120-140 |
Mtazamo 2 | 2005-2011 | 110-130 | |
Mtazamo 1 | 1999-2005 | 110-135 | |
Kuzingatia ST | 2012 - nv | 105-120 | |
Fiesta | 2015 - нв (mk6 RUS) | 120-150 | |
Fiesta | 2008-2013 (mk6) | 110-140 | |
Fiesta | 2001-2008 (mk5) | 85-100 | |
Fusion | 2002-2012 | 75-120 | |
Eco - Michezo | 2014 - nv | 105-125 | |
kutoroka | 2001-2012 | 105-145 | |
Explorer | 2011 - nv | 55-90 | |
Mchezo wa Explorer | 2011 - nv | 105-125 | |
Ulimwengu | 2015 - nv | 90-150 | |
Ulimwengu | 2007-2015 | 115-145 | |
Ulimwengu | 2000-2007 | 110-130 | |
Maverick | 2000-2010 | 120-140 | |
C-Max | 2010 – n.v | 90-120 | |
C-Max | 2003-2010 | 90-120 | |
S-Max | 2006-2015 | 125-150 | |
Galaxy | 2006-2015 | 75-125 | |
Tauni | 2013 - nv | 110-130 | |
Tauni | 2008-2013 | 110-140 | |
Makali | 2013-2015 | 105-130 | |
Ranger | 2012-2015 | 100-110 | |
Ranger | 2006-2012 | 115-140 | |
Kupitisha desturi | 105-135 | ||
kupita | 2014 - nv | 105-125 | |
kupita | 2000-2014 | 105-125 | |
Unganisha pasi | 2002-2013 | 120-160 | |
Mashindano | 2000-2012 | 150-180 | |
Desturi ya Tourneo | 2013 - nv | 115-130 | |
Kuungana kwa Tourneo | 2002-2013 | 110-120 | |
KWA FURAHA | Mkubwa x7 | 2013 - nv | 105-135 |
Emgrand ec7 | 2009 - nv | 85-100 | |
MK | 2008-2014 | 210-260 | |
GC5 RV | 2014 | 125-145 | |
Otaka | 2005 - nv | 90-120 | |
6 | 2014 - nv | 120-140 | |
Ukuta mkubwa | Wingle 5 mpya | 2007 - nv | 80-115 |
M4 | 2013 - nv | 110-140 | |
H5 mpya | 2011 - nv | 90-105 | |
H6 AT | 2013 - nv | 135-150 | |
hover | 2005-2010 | 130-150 | |
Dfm | Tajiri | 2014 - nv | 60-125 |
V25 | 2014 - nv | 80-105 | |
Mafanikio | 2014 - nv | 80-105 | |
Msalaba wa H30 | 2014 - nv | 115-130 | |
S30 | 2014 - nv | 105-125 | |
AX7 | 2014 - nv | 105-125 | |
FAW | V5 | 2013 - nv | 95-105 |
Besturn B50 | 2012 - nv | 100-120 | |
Bora X80 | 2014 - nv | 115-140 | |
Besturn B70 | 2014 - nv | 125-150 | |
RAFIKI | H8 | 2014 - nv | 170-200 |
H6 | 2014 - nv | 115-135 | |
H2 | 2014 - nv | 120-140 | |
H9 | 2014 - nv | 190-220 | |
Tauni | 2013 - nv | 110-130 | |
Tauni | 2008-2013 | 110-140 |
Mark | mfano | Miaka ya utengenezaji / mwili | Unene wa rangi, microns |
HONDA | Mkataba | 2013-2015 | 130-150 |
Mkataba | 2008-2013 | 155-165 | |
Mkataba | 2002-2008 | 130-145 | |
CR-V | 2012 - nv | 95-125 | |
CR-V | 2007-2012 | 80-100 | |
CR-V | 2002-2007 | 90-120 | |
Civic | 2012 - nv | 110-130 | |
Civic | 2006-2012 | 90-130 | |
Uraia 4D | 2006-2008 | 115-140 | |
Civic | 2000-2006 | 100-130 | |
Ziara ya msalaba | 2011-2015 | 110-140 | |
Inafaa | 2001-2008 | 85-100 | |
Jazz | 2002-2012 | 85-100 | |
Aria | 110-115 | ||
Legend | 2008-2012 | 120-160 | |
Pilot | 2006-2015 | 110-135 | |
Hyundai | Lafudhi | 2006-2015 | 110-130 |
elantra | 2006-2015 | 110-135 | |
elantra | 2012 - nv | 105-120 | |
elantra | 2015 - нв (mk6 RUS) | 120-150 | |
Sonata | 2008-2013 (mk6) | 110-140 | |
NF Sonata | 2001-2008 (mk5) | 85-100 | |
Sonata | 2002-2012 | 75-120 | |
Equus | 2014 - nv | 105-125 | |
Ukuu | 2001-2012 | 105-145 | |
Mwanzo | 2011 - nv | 55-90 | |
Mwanzo | 2011 - nv | 105-125 | |
Getz | 2015 - nv | 90-150 | |
Matrix | 2007-2015 | 115-145 | |
Santa Fe Jadi | 2000-2007 | 110-130 | |
Santa Fe | 2000-2010 | 120-140 | |
Santa Fe | 2010 - nv | 90-120 | |
Solaris | 2003-2010 | 90-120 | |
Solaris | 2006-2015 | 125-150 | |
mkuu santa fe | 2006-2015 | 75-125 | |
Starex | 2013 - nv | 110-130 | |
Tucson | 2008-2013 | 110-140 | |
Tucson Mpya | 2016 - nv | 90-120 | |
Velosta | 2012 - nv | 105-130 | |
i20 | 2008-2016 | 100-120 | |
i30 | 2012 - nv | 95-120 | |
i30 | 2007-2012 | 100-130 | |
i40 | 2012 - nv | 105-140 | |
iX35 | 2010 - nv | 105-125 | |
INFINITI | QX70 / FX37 | 2008 - nv | 95-130 |
QX80 / QX56 | 2010 - nv | 115-145 | |
QX50 / EX25 | 2007 - nv | 115-125 | |
Q50 | 2013 - nv | 130-140 | |
QX60 | 2014 - nv | 120-140 | |
FX35 | 2002-2008 | 110-120 | |
JAGUAR | Aina ya F | 2013 - nv | 95-130 |
Aina ya S | 1999-2007 | 130-180 | |
Aina ya X | 2001-2010 | 100-126 | |
XE | 2015 - nv | 115-150 | |
XF | 2007-2015 | 120-145 | |
XJ | 2009 - nv | 85-125 | |
JEEP | Compass | 2011 - nv | 125-145 |
Cherokee | 2014 - nv | 90-120 | |
Cherokee | 2007-2013 | 120-140 | |
Cherokee kubwa | 2011 - nv | 80-115 | |
Cherokee kubwa | 2004-2010 | 110-140 | |
Rubicon | 2014 - nv | 90-105 | |
Wrangler | 2007 - nv | 135-150 | |
KIA | Ceed | 2012 - nv | 100-130 |
Ceed | 2006-2012 | 115-125 | |
Ceed GT | 2014 - nv | 105-125 | |
Cerato | 2013 - nv | 105-140 | |
Cerato | 2009-2013 | 100-140 | |
Optima | 2010-2016 | 115-130 | |
kwa Ceed | 2007-2014 | 110-125 | |
viungo | 2011 - nv | 95-120 | |
tembea | 2008 - nv | 110-130 | |
Quoris | 2013 - nv | 150-180 | |
Rio | 2005-2011 | 105-125 | |
Rio | 2011 – n.v | 100-130 | |
Spectra | 2006-2009 | 125-160 | |
Mchezo | 2015 - nv | 100-135 | |
Mchezo | 2010-2015 | 95-120 | |
Mchezo | 2004-2010 | 100-140 | |
Sorento | 2009-2015 | 115-120 | |
Sorento | 2002-2009 | 115-150 | |
Sorento Mkuu | 2015 - nv | 180-200 | |
Nafsi | 2014 - nv | 100-120 | |
Nafsi | 2008-2014 | 115-135 | |
Venga | 2011 - nv | 105-125 | |
VAZ Lada | 2107 | 2014 - nv | 120-140 |
2109 | 2002-2008 | 110-120 | |
2110 | 2013 - nv | 95-130 | |
2112 | 1999-2007 | 130-180 | |
2114-15 | 2001-2010 | 100-126 | |
Kipaumbele | 2015 - nv | 115-150 | |
Largus | 2007-2015 | 120-145 | |
Kalina | 2009 - nv | 85-125 | |
Viburnum 2 | 2011 - nv | 125-145 | |
Mchezo wa Kalina | 2014 - nv | 90-120 | |
Kalina msalaba | 2007-2013 | 120-140 | |
Msalaba wa Largus | 2011 - nv | 80-115 | |
Granta | 2004-2010 | 110-140 | |
Mchezo wa Granta | 2014 - nv | 90-105 | |
Granta Hatchback | 2007 - nv | 135-150 | |
4X4 Kiwango cha 3d | 2012 - nv | 100-130 | |
4X4 Kiwango cha 5d | 2006-2012 | 115-125 | |
Vesta | 2014 - nv | 105-125 | |
X-Ray | 2013 - nv | 105-140 | |
Nchi ya ROVER | Freelander | 2009-2013 | 100-140 |
Discovery | 2010-2016 | 115-130 | |
Discovery | 2007-2014 | 110-125 | |
Ugunduzi wa Michezo | 2011 - nv | 95-120 | |
RangeRover | 2008 - nv | 110-130 | |
RangeRoverVogue | 2013 - nv | 150-180 | |
Mchezo wa Ranoe Rover | 2005-2011 | 105-125 | |
Range Rover SVR | 2013 - nv | 130-170 | |
Range Rover Evogue | 2011 - nv | 135-150 | |
rover | Model 75 | 1999-2004 | 130-150 |
LEXUS | ST200h | 2011 - nv | 145-175 |
ES | 2006 - nv | 140-145 | |
GS | 2012 - nv | 160-185 | |
GS | 2005-2012 | 120-160 | |
GX | 2002 - nv | 125-150 | |
IS | 2013 - nv | 150-185 | |
IS | 2005-2013 | 170-190 | |
IS | 1999-2005 | 110-120 | |
LS | 2000 - nv | 125-150 | |
LX | 1999-2005 | 140-145 | |
NX | 2014 - nv | 135-165 | |
RX | 2009-2015 | 115-150 | |
RX | 2003-2009 | 140-145 | |
RX Mpya | 2016 - nv | 125-135 | |
LINCOLN | Navigator | 110-130 | |
LS | 2004-2010 | 119-127 | |
LIFANI | X60 | 2012 - nv | 85-105 |
Pole | 2011 - nv | 95-110 | |
Celia | 2014 - nv | 75*100 | |
Solano | 2010 - nv | 95-110 | |
Cebra | 2014 - nv | 90-110 | |
MAZDA | 2 | 2007-2014 | 115-125 |
3 | 2012 - nv | 100-130 | |
3 | 2006-2012 | 115-125 | |
3 | 2014 - nv | 105-125 | |
5 | 2013 - nv | 105-140 | |
5 | 2005-2010 | 80-100 | |
6 | 2012 - nv | 80-110 | |
6 | 2007-2012 | 110-130 | |
6 | 2002-2007 | 100-140 | |
Colt-5 | 2011 - nv | 100-120 | |
Colt-7 | 2006-2012 | 85-120 | |
Colt-9 | 2007-2016 | 90-120 | |
Pongezi | 2000-2007 | 85-120 |
Mark | mfano | Miaka ya utengenezaji / mwili | Unene wa rangi, microns |
Mercedes-Benz | Darasa | 2012 – n.v (w176) | 90-130 |
Darasa | 2004-2012 (w169) | 90-115 | |
Darasa la B | 2011 – n.v (w246) | 90-115 | |
Darasa la B | 2005-2011 (W245) | 90-110 | |
C darasa | 2014 – n.v (w205) | 120-140 | |
C darasa | 2007-2015 (W204) | 110-170 | |
C darasa | 2000-2007 (W203) | 110-135 | |
Darasa la CL | 2007-2014 (C216) | 100-140 | |
Darasa la CL | 1999-2006 (C215) | 115-140 | |
CLA - Klasse | 2013 - sasa (С117) | 100-130 | |
CLS - Klasse | 2011 - sasa (W218) | 110-140 | |
CLS - Klasse | 2004 - sasa (C219) | 115-130 | |
CLK - Darasa | 2002-2009 (W209) | 120-140 | |
E - Darasa | 2009-2016 (W212) | 110-140 | |
E - Darasa | 2002-2009 (W211) | 230-250 | |
Kombe la E - Klasse | 2010 - sasa (C207) | 110-130 | |
G - darasa | 1989 - sasa (W463) | 120-140 | |
GLA - Darasa | 2014 – n.v | 90-120 | |
GL - Darasa | 2012 - sasa (X166) | 90-100 | |
GL - Darasa | 2006-2012 (X164) | 120-140 | |
GLE - Darasa | 2015 – n.v | 120-150 | |
Coupe ya darasa la WI | 2015 – n.v | 120-150 | |
Darasa la GLK | 2008-2015 (X204) | 135-145 | |
GLS - Darasa | 2016 – n.v | 120-140 | |
Darasa la ML | 2011-2016 (W166) | 100-135 | |
Darasa la ML | 2005-2011 (W164) | 100-130 | |
Darasa la ML | 1997-2005 (W-163) | 110-140 | |
S-darasa | 2013 - sasa (W222) | 110-120 | |
S - darasa | 2005-2013 (W221) | 80-125 | |
S-darasa | 1998-2005 (W220) | 110-140 | |
Darasa la SL | 2011 – n.v (R231) | 105-120 | |
Vito | 2014 - sasa (W447) | 100-130 | |
Sprinter ya kawaida | 2003 – n.v | 90-100 | |
Sprinter | 2008 – n.v | 80-100 | |
MINI | Paceman | 2012 – n.v | 115-130 |
Cooper | 2006-2014 | 105-115 | |
Kata | 2011 – n.v | 95-120 | |
Roadster | 2012 – n.v | 90-110 | |
Mwananchi | 2010 – n.v | 100-120 | |
Mitsubishi | Asx | 2015 – n.v | 100-135 |
Carisma | 2010-2015 | 95-120 | |
Colt | 2004-2010 | 100-140 | |
1200 | 2009-2015 | 115-120 | |
L200Mpya | 2002-2009 | 115-150 | |
Tupa 9 | 2003-2007 | 100-120 | |
Tupa X | 2007 – n.v | 95-120 | |
Mitsubishi | 2008-2014 | 115-135 | |
Outlanderxl | 2011 – n.v | 105-125 | |
Samurai wa nje | 2014 – n.v | 120-140 | |
pajero | 2002-2008 | 110-120 | |
Mchezo wa Pajero | 2013 – n.v | 95-130 | |
NISSAN | Almera | 2013 – n.v (G15) | 130-150 |
Almera | 2000-2006 (N16) | 100-130 | |
Almera classic | 2006-2013 | 120-140 | |
Sylphy ya Bluebird | 140-160 | ||
juke | 2010-2016 | 115-135 | |
Micro | 2003-2010 (K13) | 100-120 | |
Murano | 2008-2016 (Z51) | 95-110 | |
Murano | 2002-2008 (Z50) | 105-160 | |
Navara | 2005-2015 (D40) | 120-135 | |
Kumbuka | 2005-2014 | 110-140 | |
Pathfinder | 2014 – n.v | 100-120 | |
Pathfinder | 2004-2014 | 135-175 | |
Patrol | 2010 – n.v | 110-115 | |
Patrol | 1997-2010 | 80 100 | |
Primera | 2002-2007 (P12) | 90-110 | |
Qashqai | 2013 – n.v (J11) | 100-120 | |
Qashqai | 2007-2013 (J10) | 110-135 | |
Qashqi +2 | 2010-2013 | 110-140 | |
Kituo | 2012 – n.v | 100-120 | |
Teana | 2014 – n.v | 100-130 | |
Teana | 2008-2014 | 110-135 | |
Teana | 2003-2008 | 110-130 | |
Terran | 2014 – n.v | 115-155 | |
tiida | 2004-2014 | 120-140 | |
Tiida Mpya | 2015 – n.v | 100-110 | |
Njia ya X-Trail | 2015 – n.v | 100-130 | |
Njia ya X-Trail | 2007-2015 | 105-130 | |
Gtr | 2008 – n.v | 170-185 | |
Opel | Astra OPC | J 2011–2015 | 120-155 |
Astra GTC | J 2011–2015 | 115-140 | |
beji ya OPC | Mimi 2013–2015 | 105-150 | |
Insignia SW | Mimi 2013–2015 | 90-130 | |
Mbio | D 2010-2014 | 115-120 | |
Zafira | 2005-2011 | 115-120 | |
Insignia | Mimi 2008–2015 | 100-140 | |
Meriva | 2010-2015 | 125-140 | |
Astra | H 2004-2015 | 110-157 | |
Astra SW | J 2011–2015 | 120-160 | |
Sedan ya Astra | J 2011–2015 | 110-130 | |
Mocha | 2012-2015 | 110-130 | |
zafira tourer | C 2012-2015 | 95-135 | |
Vekta | C 2002-2008 | 110-160 | |
Antara | 2006-2015 | 100-140 | |
Omega | 2008 | 100-112 | |
PEUGEOT | 107 | 2005-2014 | 90-120 |
206 | 1998-2006 | 130-150 | |
206 Sedani | 1998-2012 | 120-152 | |
207 | 2006-2013 | 119-147 | |
208 | 2013 – n.v | 165-180 | |
2008 | 2014 – n.v | 140-160 | |
301 | 2013 – n.v | 105-130 | |
307 | 2001-2008 | 108-145 | |
308 | 2008-2015 | 100-120 | |
308 Mpya | 2015 – n.v | 110-160 | |
3008 | 2009 – n.v | 100-145 | |
407 | 2004-2010 | 100-120 | |
408 | 2012 – n.v | 100-115 | |
4008 | 2012-2016 | 60-100 | |
508 | 2012 – n.v | 110-150 | |
Partner | 2007 – n.v | 100-120 | |
mtaalam | 2007 – n.v | 95-115 | |
RCZ | 2010 – n.v | 115-145 | |
PORSCHE | Boxter s | 2012-2016 (981) | 95-116 |
Kayene | 2010-n.v (988) | 120-140 | |
Kayene | 2002-2010 (955) | 120-140 | |
Tiger | 2013 – n.v | 116-128 | |
Panamera | 2009 – n.v | 110-140 | |
RENAULT | Logan | 2014 – n.v | 130-155 |
Logan | 2004-2015 | 120-150 | |
sandero | 2014 – n.v | 130-155 | |
sandero | 2009-2014 | 110-130 | |
sandero stepway | 2010-2014 | 145-160 | |
Megane | 2009 – n.v | 125-145 | |
Megane | 2003-2009 | 115-135 | |
Megane RS | 2009 – n.v | 170-240 | |
Fluence | 2010 – n.v | 130-155 | |
Clio | 2005-2012 | 130-150 | |
ishara | 2008-2012 | 90-120 | |
Laguna | 2007-2015 | 130-160 | |
Koleos | 2008-2015 | 130 - 150 | |
Duster | 2011 – n.v | 130-165 | |
SAAB | 9-3 | 2002-2012 | 110-130 |
9-5 | 1997-2010 | 130-150 | |
Seat | Leon | III 2013 | 130 - 145 |
Leon ST | III 2013 | 170-200 | |
Leon cupra | 2009 | 130-160 | |
Alhambra | 2010 | 140-155 | |
Ibiza | 2012 | 105-130 | |
INASIKITISHA | Fabia | 2007-2015 | 130-155 |
Octavia | 2013 – n.v | 160-190 | |
Octavia | 2004-2013 | 160-180 | |
Rapid | 2012 – n.v | 160-193 | |
Chumba cha kulala | 2006-2015 | 110-130 | |
yeti | 2009 – n.v | 140-180 | |
superb | 2015 – n.v | 125-150 | |
superb | 2008-2015 | 110-140 |
Mark | mfano | Miaka ya utengenezaji / mwili | Unene wa rangi, microns |
Ssangyong | Actyon | 2010 – n.v | 110-140 |
Kyron | 2005 – n.v | 100-110 | |
Rexton | 2002 – n.v | 120-150 | |
SUBARU | BRZ | 2012-2016 | 110-160 |
Forester | 2013 – n.v | 100-140 | |
Forester | 2008-2013 | 105-140 | |
Impreza | 2012 – n.v | 110-140 | |
Impreza | 2005-2012 | 125-140 | |
WRX | 2014 – n.v | 85-130 | |
WRX-STI | 2005-2014 | 115-150 | |
Legacy | 2009-2014 | 110-140 | |
Legacy | 2003-2009 | 110-115 | |
Outback | 2015 – n.v | 110-130 | |
Outback | 2009-2014 | 115-130 | |
XV | 2011 – n.v | 110-155 | |
Tribeca | 2005-2014 | 140-170 | |
SUZUKI | SX4 | 2006-2016 | 120-135 |
SX4 Mpya | 2013 – n.v | 115-125 | |
Swift | 2010-2015 | 115-135 | |
vita | 2014 – n.v | 90-120 | |
Grand vitara | 2005 – n.v | 95-120 | |
Jimmy | 1998 – n.v | 100-130 | |
Splash | 2008-2015 | 90-115 | |
TESLA | Mfano wa S | 2012 – n.v | 140-180 |
TOYOTA | alphard | 2015 – n.v | 100-140 |
alphard | 2008-2014 | 105-135 | |
Auris | 2012 - sasa (E160) | 100-130 | |
Auris | 2007-2012 (E140) | 115-130 | |
Avensis | 2009-2015 (T260) | 80-120 | |
Avensis | 2003-2009 (T240) | 80-110 | |
Kiini | 1999-2006 (T230) | 120-145 | |
Camry | 2011 – n.v (XV50) | 120-145 | |
Camry | 2006-2011 (XV40) | 125-145 | |
Camry | 2001-2006 (XV30) | 120-150 | |
Corolla | 2013 - sasa (E170) | 100-130 | |
Corolla | 2006-2013 (E150) | 90-110 | |
Corolla | 2001-2007 (E120) | 100-130 | |
Corolla Hatchback | 2010 – n.v | 110-140 | |
Nyuma ya Corolla | 2005 – n.v | 100-110 | |
Rexton | 2002 – n.v | 120-150 | |
GT86 | 2012-2016 | 110-160 | |
hilux | 2013 – n.v | 100-140 | |
Highlander | 2008-2013 | 105-140 | |
Highlander | 2007-2014 (U40) | 135-150 | |
Msafirishaji wa ardhi 100 | 1997-2007 | 110-135 | |
Msafirishaji wa ardhi 200 | 2007 – n.v | 120-160 | |
120 | 2002-2009 | 80-110 | |
150 | 2009 – n.v | 110-135 | |
Prius | 2009-2015 | 80-110 | |
Prius | 2003-2009 | 110-120 | |
Msimu wa 4 | 2013 – n.v | 115-140 | |
Msimu wa 4 | 2006-2013 | 80-110 | |
Msimu wa 4 | 2000-2005 | 80-100 | |
Piga | 2009 – n.v | 120-160 | |
Kwa | 2012 – n.v | 175-210 | |
Yaris | 2005-2011 | 80-95 | |
Sienna | 115-125 | ||
Fortuner | 110-125 | ||
Volkswagen | Amarok | 2010 – n.v | 115-135 |
mende | 2013 – n.v | 150-220 | |
Bora | 1998-2005 | 120-145 | |
Msafara | 2009-2015 | 105-135 | |
Golf | 2013 – n.v (MkVII) | 100-130 | |
Golf | 2009-2012 (MkVI) | 80-120 | |
Golf | 2003-2009 (MkV) | 120-140 | |
Golf | 1997-2003 (MkIV) | 120-140 | |
Sehemu ya Gofu | 2009-2014 | 120-140 | |
Jetta | 2011 – n.v (MkVI) | 140-155 | |
Jetta | 2005-2011 (MkV) | 120-140 | |
Multivan | 2015 – n.v | 90-135 | |
Passat | 2015 – n.v (B8) | 180-220 | |
Passat | 2011-2016 (B7) | 110-130 | |
Passat | 2005-2011 (B6) | 120-140 | |
CC iliyopita | 2008 – n.v | 120-130 | |
Sirocco | 2009-2016 | 125-145 | |
Caddy | 2013 | 115-130 | |
Polo | 2014 | 110-130 | |
Sedani ya Polo | |||
Tiguan | 2011 | 190-220 | |
Mseto wa Touareg | 2014 | 180-200 | |
Touareg | 2013 | 130-215 | |
Utalii | |||
Wasafirishaji | |||
Mjanja | |||
Volvo | C30 | 2013 | 105-140 |
S40 | |||
V40 | |||
V50 | |||
S60 | 2003 | 110-130 | |
S60 | 2011 | 95-115 | |
V70 | |||
S80 | 2013 | 105-140 | |
XC60 | 2013 | 115-135 | |
XC70 | 2013 | 105-140 | |
XC90 | 2013 | 115-135 | |
GASI | Mtandaoni | 2008 | 90-105 |
31105 | 2006 | 80 | |
Sable | |||
Gazelle | |||
Swala Ijayo | |||
UAZ | Hunter | ||
Patriot |
Vidokezo vya Huduma
Kwa wastani, mtengenezaji anatoa udhamini wa miaka 3 kwa uchoraji, lakini kuna nuances nyingi ambazo haziwezi kuanguka chini ya masharti. Kwa hivyo, unahitaji kutunza vizuri mipako. Kwa hivyo itaendelea muda mrefu. Hapa kuna vidokezo:
- usifute uchafu kavu na kitambaa kavu;
- usiondoke gari chini ya jua kwa muda mrefu, taa ya ultraviolet ina athari mbaya kwenye rangi, inaisha;
- mbegu za poplar hutoa resin, ambayo hutengeneza rangi wakati wa joto, usiweke gari chini ya poplars;
- Machafu ya njiwa ni ya kutisha sana na pia huharibu rangi;
- mara nyingi hutumika polishi ya kinga kama glasi ya kioevu, hii itaunda safu ya ziada;
- usirudie kufanya polishing ya abrasive, kwani hii huondoa microns kadhaa za mipako;
- endesha gari kwa uangalifu, usikorole na matawi, n.k.
Uchoraji, kama mwili, ni moja ya vitu ghali zaidi vya gari. Hali ya uchoraji inaweza kusema mengi juu ya gari. Upimaji sahihi wa unene na tathmini ya hali ya rangi itasaidia kuamua ununuzi wa gari iliyotumiwa.
Maswali na Majibu:
Rangi inapaswa kuwa nene kiasi gani kwenye gari? Rangi ya kiwanda kwenye mifano yote ya gari ina unene wa wastani wa mikroni 90 hadi 160. Hii ni pamoja na kanzu ya primer, rangi ya msingi na varnish.
Jinsi ya kupima kwa usahihi unene wa rangi? Kwa hili, kipimo cha unene hutumiwa. Ili kuamua kwa usahihi safu ya uchoraji mzima wakati wa kununua gari lililotumiwa, unahitaji kuangalia unene katika maeneo kadhaa ya gari (paa, milango, fenders).
Ni mikroni ngapi baada ya uchoraji? Inategemea nini sababu ya uchoraji ni. Ikiwa mashine itapigwa, kutakuwa na safu ya putty. Kipimo cha unene kitaonyesha unene wa safu hii pia (huamua umbali wa chuma).